Sarah W. Freedman

Sarah Warshauer Freedman specializes in research on the development of written language, and the teaching and learning of writing, English, and history in educational settings. Her research focuses on US schools but also incoroporates cross-national comparisons to provide a broad understanding of educational practices and their effects. Professor Freedman is a strong advocate for bridging research and practice, often collaborating with teachers and practitioner-researchers in her studies.

A significant dimension of Professor Freedman's work explores societal divisions, conflict, and inequality, particulalrly focusing on how adolescents develp as citizens and civic actors within divided societies. This research, in collaboration with UC Berkeley's Human Rights Center, includes examining the critical role of education in reconstructing societies after genocide in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. Her more recent projects have focused on how young people develop as citizens in the divided societies of Northern Ireland, South Africa, and the US. This work, supported by a multi-year award from the Spencer Foundation, involved a partnership with Facing History and Ourselves. She also served on a National Academy of Education Steering Committee for Civic Education and contributed to a volume published by the Academy in 2021.

Awards for her books include the Multicultural Book Award from the National Association of Multicultural Educators; the 2000 Ed Fry Book Award from the National Reading Conference for Inside City Schools: Investigating Literacy in Multicultural Classrooms (1999); the 1989 Richard Meade Award from the National Council of Teachers of English and the 1996 Ed Fry award for Exchanging Writing, Exchanging Cultures: Lessons in Reform from U.S. and British Schools (1994). In 2006, along with then students Verda Delp and Suzanne Crawford, she won the 2006 Purves award for the year's best 2005 article connecting research to practice in Research in the Teaching of English. The article was titled "Teaching English in Untracked Classrooms." Her career-long contributions were recognized in 2020 with the Witte Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Educational Research Associations Special Interest Group in Writing.

Freedman's newest book, Teaching in the First Year, was edited with UC Berkeley colleague Jabari Mahiri, and integrates their work at Berkeley in teacher education and teacher research. Other notable publications include Response to Student Writing (1987); edited The Acquisition of Written Language: Response and Revision (1985). Her edited volume with Arnetha Ball, Bakhtnian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning (2004) brings together the theories that guide her thinking, particularly the ways Lev Vygotsky and Mikhail Bakhtin conceptualize the interactions between social and individual worlds in the teaching-learning process.

Freedman is a member of the National Academy of Education (NAEd), a fellow of the American Educational Research Association, and an associate of the National Conference for Research in the Language Arts. She has served as an adviser for many groups, including the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, and the Children's Television Workshop. She has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences and at the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Study and Conference Center.

Publications

BOOKS
Mahiri, J., & Freedman, Sarah Warshauer (Eds.). (2014). The First Year of Teaching: Classroom Research to Increase Student Learning. New York: Teachers College Press.
Ball, Arnetha, & Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. (Eds.) (2004). Bakhtnian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Table of Contents (pdf) See reviews in American Anthropologist (pdf); Teachers College Record (pdf); SIL Electronic Book Reviews 2007-005 (pdf); and The Russian Review (pdf). See sample pages.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, Simons, E., Kalnin, J., Casareno, A., & the M-CLASS teams. (1999). Inside City Schools Investigating Literacy in Multicultural Classrooms. New York: Teachers College Press (co-publication with National Council of Teachers of English) Reviews in English Journal (pdf), Harvard Educational Review (pdf); Anthropology and Educational Quarterly (pdf).
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer (1994). Exchanging Writing, Exchanging Cultures: Lessons in School Reform from the United States and Great Britain. Cambridge, MA and Urbana, IL: Harvard University Press and National Council of Teachers of English. Paperback edition, Harvard University Press, 1997. Reviews in Educational Researcher (pdf); Comparative Education (pdf).
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. (1987). Response to Student Writing. Research report 23. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. (with M. Sperling and C. Greenleaf). (digital copy of book available open source at

https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22Response+to+Student+Writing%22&pg=2&id=ED290148

Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. (Ed.). (1985). The Acquisition of Written Language: Response and Revision. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Co. (pdf introduction and chapter)
ARTICLES (REFERRED JOURNALS, PROCEEDINGS)

Freedman, S.W., Murphy, K., & Weldon, G. (in press). Emotion and Intellect in the Face of Societal Violence. In Drerup, J., Gronostay, D., & Yacek, D. (Eds.). Teaching Controversy: The Politics and Ethics of Classroom Conflict. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Higgs, J., & Freedman, S.W. (2024). “Bakhtin and multicultural education. In A. Garcia (Ed). Online Handbook of Multicultural Education. Taylor Francis on line. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/search?context=rroe&topic=46

Shin, J., Freedman, S.W., Barr, D., & Murphy, K. (2023). Democratic civic engagement in divided societies: Adolescents in Northern Ireland, South Africa, and the United States. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education.53 (2), 199-216, DOI: 10.1080/03057925.2021.1886054. Also published online February 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2021.1886054

Freedman, S.W., Barr, D., Murphy, K., & Besirevic, Z. (2016). The development of ethical civic actors in divided societies: A longitudinal case. Human Development, 59, 107-127

Freedman, S. W. (2013). Considering the Moral Complexity of Adolescents in Divided Societies. Policy and Practice: Pedagogy about the Holocaust and Genocide Papers. Paper 7. http://commons.clarku.edu/pedagogy2013/7

Samuelson, Beth, & Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. (Summer, 2010). "'Language Policy, Multilingual Education, and Power in Rwanda (pdf)," Language Policy, 9 (3), 191-215.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, & Appleman, Deborah. (Summer, 2009). "'In It for the Long Haul': How Teacher Education Can Contribute to Teacher Retention in High-Poverty, Urban Schools (pdf)," Journal of Teacher Education, 60 (3), 323-337.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, Weinstein, Harvey, Murphy, Karen, & Longman, Timothy. (2008, November). "Teaching History after Identity-Based Conflicts: The Rwanda Experience (pdf)," Comparative Education Review, 663-690.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, & Appleman, Deborah. (2008, Summer). "'What Else Would I Be Doing?': Teacher Identity and Teacher Retention in Urban Schools (pdf)," Teacher Education Quarterly, 109-126.
Weinstein, Harvey M., Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, Hughson, Holly. (2007). "School Voices: Challenges Facing Education Systems after Identity-based Conflicts (pdf)," Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 2 (1), 41-71.
Freedman, S.W., & Delp, V. (2007). "Conceptualizing a Whole-Class Learning Space: A Grand Dialogic Zone (pdf)," Research in the Teaching of English, 41 (4), 259-268. Also see ""Announcing the Alan C. Purves Award Winner" (pdf)
Freedman, S.W., Delp, V., & Crawford, S.M. (2005). "Teaching English in Untracked Classrooms (pdf)," Research in the Teaching of English, 40 (1), 62-126.
Freedman, S.W. (2006). "Foreword (pdf)." The Quarterly, Volume 27, Number 3-4.
Freedman, S.W. (1995). "What's Involved?: Setting up a Writing Exchange (pdf)," Language Arts, 72 (3), 54-64. (Also published as CSW Occasional Paper 37)
Freedman, S.W. (1995)."Crossing the Bridge to Practice: Rethinking the Theories of Vygotsky and Bakhtin (pdf)," Written Communication, 12 (1), 74-92. (Also published as CSW Technical Report 68)
Freedman, S.W., Dyson, A., & Flower, L. (1995). "The Mission of the Center (pdf)," The Quarterly, 17 (1), 54-55.
Freedman, S.W. (1995). "Afterword to 'The Mission of the Center' (pdf)," The Quarterly, 17 (1), 55-56.
Freedman, S.W. (1995, March). "Exam-Based Reform Stifles Student Writing in the U.K (pdf)." Educational Leadership, 52 (6), 26-29.
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "High Stakes Exams (pdf)," The Educator, 8 (2), 12-17.
Freedman, S.W., with Simons, E. R. & Roy, C., and with New Orleans teachers Karen Alford, Reginald Galley, Sarah Herring, Doris Williams Smith, Elena Valenti, and Patricia Ward. (1994). "Teacher Researchers Together: Delving into the Teacher Research Process (pdf)." The Quarterly, 16 (4), 8-17.
Freedman, S.W. (1993). "Linking Large-Scale Testing and Classroom Portfolio Assessments of Student Writing (pdf)," Educational Assessment, 1 (1), 27-52.
Freedman, S.W. (1993). "Evaluating Writing: The Promise of Portfolios as a Link Between Large-Scale Testing and Classroom Assessment (pdf) ," Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers.
Freedman, S.W., & Hechinger, Fred. (1993). "Writing Matters (pdf)," The Quarterly, 15 (2), 1-6.
Freedman, S.W. (1992). "Outside-In and Inside Out: Peer Response Groups in Two Ninth-Grade Classes (pdf)," Research in the Teaching of English, 26 (1), 71-107.
Freedman, S.W. (1991). "Preface," to S.B. Heath & L. Mangiola, Children of Promise. Co-Sponsored by the National Education Association, American Educational Research Association, and Center for the Study of Writing. Washington, DC: National Education Association.
McKay, S., & Freedman, S.W. (1991). "Decision-Making for Minority Education: Setting Priorities (pdf)"(Response to M. Hoye), TESOL Quarterly, 25 (4), 758-759.
McKay, S., & Freedman, S.W. (1990). "Language Minority Education in Great Britain: A Challenge to Current U.S. Policy (pdf)." TESOL Quarterly, 24 (3), 385-405. (Also published as CSW Occasional Paper 24, January, 1991)
Freedman, S.W. (1990). Guest Editorial. The Educator, 4 (4), 3.
Freedman, S.W. (1989). "Exchanging Writing, Exchanging Cultures (pdf)," The Quarterly, 11, 1-2 (with companion pieces by teacher participants Susan Reed (pdf), Joan Cone (pdf), and Kate Chapman (pdf).
Freedman, S.W. (1989). "Beyond Drills in Basic Skills: Exchanging Writing with an Audience in England," The Educator, 3 (3), 12-14 (excerpted from The Quarterly, 11, 1-2 and from companion pieces).
DiPardo, A., & Freedman, S.W. (1988). "Peer Response Groups in the Writing Classroom: Theoretic Foundations and New Directions (pdf)," Review of Educational Research, 58 (2), 119-149.
Freedman, S. (June 1, 1988). "Much Composition Research Has Nothing to Do With College Students," Chronicle of Higher Education, Letter to the Editor.
Sperling, M., & Freedman, S. (1987). "A Good Girl Writes Like a Good Girl: Written Response to Student Writing (pdf)," Written Communication, 4 (4), 343-369.
Freedman, S. (1987). "Recent Developments in Writing: How Teachers Manage Response (pdf)," English Journal, October, 76 (6), 35-40.
Freedman. S. (1987). "Recent Developments in the Teaching of Writing in the United States: How Successful Teachers Manage Response," Ricerca Educativa, 4 (3), 49-57.
Freedman, S. (1984). "Bay Area Writing Project Studies Expository Writing," The California Writing Project Newsletter, 2-3.
Freedman, S., Dyson, A., & Flower, L. (1986). "The Center for the Study of Writing," The Quarterly, 8 (3), 1-5. See 1995 reference for pdf.
Freedman, S.W., & Calfee, R. (1984). "Understanding and Comprehending (pdf)," Written Communication, 1 (4), 459-490.
Freedman, S. (1983). "Student Characteristics and Essay Test Writing Performance (pdf)," Research in the Teaching of English, 17, 313-325.
Freedman, S. (1983). "University and Classroom Teacher: Research Partners (pdf)," The National Writing Project Network Newsletter, 5, 3-5.
Freedman, S., & Nold, E. (1976). "On Budz and Grabar's? Tutorial vs. Classroom' Study (pdf)," College English, 38 (4), 427-429.
Freedman, S. (1982). "Language Assessment and Writing Disorders (pdf)," Topics in Language Disorders, 2 (4), 34-44.
Freedman, S. (1982). "Some Reasons for the Grades We Give Compositions (pdf)," English Journal, 71, 86-89.
Freedman, S., & Robinson, W. (1982). "Testing Proficiency in Writing at San Francisco State University (pdf)," College Composition and Communication, 33, 393-398.
Freedman, S. (1982). "The Student Teacher Writing Conference: Key Techniques," Journal of English Teaching Techniques, 12, 38-45. Freedman, S. (1979). "Why Do Teachers Give the Grades They Do (pdf)?" College Composition and Communication, 161-164.
Freedman, S. (1979). "How Characteristics of Student Essays Influence Teachers' Evaluations," Journal of Educational Psychology, 71 (3), 328-338.
Nold, E., & Freedman, S. (1977). "An Analysis of Readers' Responses to Essays (pdf)," Research in the Teaching of English, 164-174.
BOOK CHAPTERS
Booten, K., with S.W. Freedman & G. Hull. (2017). The Internet's Concept of Story. In R. Durst & G. Newell (Eds.), English Language Arts Research and Teaching: Revisiting and Extending Arthur Applebee's Contributions. London, UK: Routledge. (obtain from: https://ebooks.aera.net/HRTCH23)

Freedman, S.W., Hull, G., Higgs, J., & Booten, K.X. (2016). Teaching Writing in a Digital and Global Age: Toward Access, Learning, and Development for All.  In Courtney Bell and Drew Gitomer, Eds., Handbook of Research on Teaching, 5th edition. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
Freedman, S., Weinstein, H., Murphy, K.L. (2011). Teaching History in Post-Genocide Rwanda (pdf), In S. Strauss, & L. Waldorf (Eds.), Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Freedman, S.W., & Abazovic, D. (2006). "Growing up during the Balkan wars of the 1990s." (pdf), In C. Daiute, L. Nucci, C. Higson-Smith, Z. Beykont (Eds.). International Perspectives on Youth Conflict and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (pp.57-72).
Freedman, S.W. (2005). "Teacher Research, Professional Growth, and School Reform (pdf)." In L. Pease-Alvarez, & S. Schecter. Learning, Teaching, and Community. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers, (pp. 111-130).
Freedman, S.W., Ball, Arnetha F (2004). "Ideological Becoming: Bakhtinian Concepts to Guide the Study of Language, Literacy, and Learning (pdf)." In Ball & Freedman (Eds). Language, Literacy, and Learning: Bakhtinian Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Freedman, S.W., Corkalo, D., et al. (2004). "Public education and social reconstruction in Bosnia and Hertzegovina and Croatia" (pdf). In E. Stover & H. Weinstein (Eds.). My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 226-247.
Freedman, S.W., Kambanda, D., et al. (2004). "Confronting the past in Rwandan schools (pdf)". In E. Stover & H. Weinstein (Eds.). My neighbor, my enemy: Justice and community in the aftermath of mass atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 248-265.
Dyson, A.H., & Freedman, S.W. (2002). "Writing (pdf)," In J. Flood, J. Jensen, D. Lapp, & J. Squire (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts. (2nd edition). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sperling, M., & Freedman, S.W. (2001). "Teaching Writing," (pdf) In Virginia Richardson, (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Sponsored by the American Educational Research Association.
Freedman, S.W. (2001). "Teacher Research and Professional Development: Purposeful Planning or Serindipty (pdf)," In A. Lieberman and L. Miller (eds.), Teachers Caught in the Action: The Work of Professional Development. New York: Teachers College Press.
Freedman, S.W., & Daiute, C. (2001). "Instructional Methods and Learning Activities in Teaching Writing (pdf)," In J. Brophy (Ed.), Advances in Research on Teaching Series, Volume 8, Oxford: JAI Press, Elsevier Science.
Freedman, S. W. (1999). Writing instruction. In B. Spolsky (Ed.), Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd. (Revision of entry under same title published in 1994 in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics.)
Freedman, S.W. (1998). "Some Things We Know about Learning to Write (pdf)." In F. Lehr and J. Osborn (Eds.). Literacy for All: Issues for Teaching and Learning. New York: Guilford Publications.
Freedman, S.W. (1998). "Foreword (pdf)." In Christian Knoeller. Voicing Ourselves: Whose Words We Use when We Talk about Books. Albany, NY: SUNY Albany Press.
Freedman, S.W., Flower, L., Hull, G., & Hayes, J.R. (1997). "Ten Years of Research: Achievements of the National Center for the Study of Writing and Literacy," In J. Flood, S.B. Heath, & D. Lapp (Eds.), Handbook for Literacy Educators: Research on Teaching the Communicative and Visual Arts. Sponsored by the International Reading Association.
Freedman, S. (1996). "Moving Writing Research into the 21st Century (pdf)," In L. Bloom, D. Daiker, & E. White, Eds., Composition in the 21st Century: Crisis and Change. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 183-193.
Calfee, R., & Freedman, S. (1996). "Classroom writing portfolios: Old, new, borrowed, blue (pdf)." In R. Calfee & P. Perfumo (Eds.). Writing portfolios in the classroom: Policy and practice, promise and peril. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 3-26.
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "Written Composition, Teaching and Testing For," In L. Anderson, (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of Education, Second Edition. Oxford, England: Elsevier Science Ltd., 6781-6785. (Also to appear in International Encyclopedia of Teaching and Teacher Education, Second Edition. Oxford, England: Elsevier Science Ltd.)
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "Writing Instruction (pdf)," In R.E. Asher (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Pergamon Press and Aberdeen University Press, Oxford and Aberdeen, 5032-5033.
Freedman, S.W., & DiPardo, A. (1994). "Peer Response Groups (pdf)," In A. Purves, (Ed.). Encyclopedia of English Studies and Language Arts.
Purves, A., & Freedman, S. W. (1994). "Curriculum in Writing: An International Perspective," In A. Purves, (Ed.). Encyclopedia of English Studies and Language Arts .
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "L'escrit com a comunicacio: Relacio entre les necessitats academiques i socials dels alumnes (pdf)." In A. Camps (Ed.). Context i aprenentatge de la llengua escrita. Barcelona, Spain: Barcanova Educacio, 31-50. (translated into Catalan by Marta Milian)
Dyson, A.H., & Freedman, S.W. (1991). "Writing," In J. Flood, J. Jensen, D. Lapp, & J. Squire (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts. Macmillan Publishing Company, 754-774. (Also published as CSW Occasional Paper 20, "On Teaching Writing: A Review of the Literature," July, 1990)
Freedman, S., & Katz, A. (1987). "Pedagogical Interaction during the Composing Process: The Writing Conference," In A. Matsuhashi (Ed.), Writing in Real Time: Modelling Production Processes, Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Co., 58-80.
Freedman, S. (1987). "Pedagogical Discourse in the Writing Conference (pdf)." In G. Gagne (Ed.), Selected Papers on Mother Tongue Education, Dordrecht, The Netherlands/Cinnaminson, USA: FORIS.
Freedman, S. (1985). "Introduction (pdf)." In S. Freedman (Ed.), The Acquisition of Written Language: Response and Revision, Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Co., x-xv.
Freedman, S., & Sperling, M. (1985). "Teacher Student Interaction in the Writing Conference: Response and Teaching (pdf)," In S. Freedman (Ed.), The Acquisition of Written Language: Response and Revision, Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Co., 106-130.
Freedman, S. (1984). "Registers of Student and Professional Expository Prose," In R. Beach & L. Bridwell (Eds.), New Directions in Composition Research, Guilford Press, 334-347.
Freedman, S., & Calfee, R. (1983). "Holistic Assessment of Writing: Experimental Design and Cognitive Theory," In P. Mosenthal, L. Tamor, & S. Walmsley (Eds.), Research in Writing: Principles and Methods, New York: Longman Inc., 75-98.
MONOGRAPHS/TECHNICAL & RESEARCH REPORTS
Freedman, S.W. and others (2006). "History Curriculum Materials for Rwanda." download pdfs from: http://hrc.berkeley.edu/rwanda.html
Nold, E., & Freedman, S. (1977). "Abstraction and Form: An Alternate Paradigm for Discourse Analysis," Working Paper, Stanford University.
Freedman, S. (1985). The Role of Response in the Acquisition of Written Language, Final Report to the National Institute of Education, Washington, DC. NIE-G-083-0065. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 260 407, 1985)
The following can be downloaded from the National Writing Project
Freedman, S., Dyson, A., Flower, L., & Chafe, W. (1986). Technical Report on Planning for Center for Study of Writing. Final report to Office of Education Research and Improvement.
Freedman, S., Dyson, A., Flower, L., & Chafe, W. (1986). Futures Paper for Center for the Study of Writing. Final report to Office of Education Research and Improvement.
Freedman, S., Dyson, A.H., Flower, L., Chafe, W. (1987). "Writing Research: Past, Present, Future." Technical Report 1. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 285 205, August, 1987)
Sperling, M., & Freedman, S. (1987). "A Good Girl Writes Like a Good Girl: Written Comments on Student Writing." Technical Report 3. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 282 228, May, 1987)
Freedman, S., & Bennett, J. (1987). Peer Groups at Work in Two Writing Classrooms. Final Report to the Office of Educational Research and Improvement from The Center for the Study of Writing, G008690004. Washington, DC.
DiPardo, A., & Freedman, S. (1987). "A Historical Review of Peer Groups in the Writing Classroom." Technical Report 4. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 282 229, May, 1987)
Freedman, S. (1987). "Peer Response Groups in Two Ninth-Grade Classrooms." Technical Report 12. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 287 171, October, 1987
Freedman, S., & McLeod, A. (1988). "National Surveys of Successful Teachers of Writing and their Students: The United States and the United Kingdom." Technical Report 14. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also Resources in Education, ED 294 244, May, 1988).
Dyson, A.H., & Freedman, S.W. (1990). "On Teaching Writing: A Review of the Literature," Occasional Paper 20. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in J. Squire, J. Jensen, J. Flood, & D. Lapp (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts. Macmillan Publishing Company and in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 324 690, July, 1990)
McKay, S., & Freedman, S.W. (1991). "Language Minority Education in Great Britain: A Challenge to Current U.S. Policy." Occasional Paper 24. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing.
Dyson, A.H., & Freedman, S.W. (1991). "Critical Challenges for Research in Writing: 1990-1995." Technical Report 1B. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 335 676, February, 1991)
Freedman, S. W. (1991). "Evaluating Writing: Linking Large-Scale Testing and Classroom Assessment." Occasional Paper 27. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in Educational Assessment and in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 335 681, May, 1991)
Freedman, S., & McLeod, A. (1991). Comparing the Teaching and Learning of Writing in the United States and the United Kingdom: Audience Exchanges. Final Report to the Office of Educational Research and Improvement from The Center for the Study of Writing, G008690004. Washington, DC. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 334 602)
Freedman, S. W., & Hechinger, F. (1991). "Writing Matters." Occasional Paper 31. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 353 603, June, 1992).
Greenleaf, C., & Freedman, S.W. (1993). "Linking Classroom Discourse and Classroom Content: Following the Trail of Intellectual Work in a Writing Lesson," Technical Report 66. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 362 888, September, 1993).
Freedman, S. (1994). "Moving Writing Research into the 21st Century," Occasional Paper 36. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing.
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "What's Involved?: Setting up a Writing Exchange," Occasional Paper 37. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in ERIC Resources in Education, ED 374 431, June, 1994)
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "School Reform through Examinations: Lessons from the British Experience," Occasional Paper 38. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing. (Also appears in a revised form in The Educator and in a different revised form in Educational Leadership and in ERIC Resources in Education, ERIC ED 374 432, June, 1994)
Freedman, S.W. (1994). "Crossing the Bridge to Practice: Rethinking the Theories of Vygotsky and Bakhtin," Technical Report 68. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing.
Freedman, S.W. et al. (1995). "Ten Years of Research: Achievements of the National Center for the Study of Writing and Literacy." Technical Report 1-C. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Writing.
OTHER PAPERS/REPORTS/OP-EDS/COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Reviews of Work
Freedman, S.W. (2006). "Education for Reconciliation Creating a History Curriculum after Genocide in Rwanda," Connected: The magazine of UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Education 1, 12-16.
Inside City Schools 
Choice, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 4, December, 1999
Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, September, 2000 
Anthropology and Education Quarterly, December, 2000 (on website: http://www.aaanet.org/cae/aeq/br/index.htm)
Multicultural Review, March, 2000 
Inside City Schools 
Times Educational Supplement, London, May, 1995 
The Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 3, Summer, 1995, pp. 14-17
Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, September, 1995
Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 
Educational Researcher, April, 1996

Presentations/Professional Experience

SELECTED INVITED PAPERS

Freedman, S.W. (2023, September). “Schools Navigating Violent Societal Conflicts,” Keynote Address at Conference Conflict and Controversies in the Classroom. Free University, Amsterdam.

Freedman, S.W.  (2019, June). Education across Sectors, United Nations Public Service Forum and Awards Ceremony, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan. Workshop lead, speaker, and Rapporteur for workshop series. Sponsored by United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA).

Freedman, S.W. “(2019, April). Cross-national (and within-national) Studies of Cultural Variation and Inclusivity: Considerations for Civic Discourse.” AERA Symposium, Invited Presidential Session, Toronto.

Freedman, S.W. “Growing up Divided,” AERA Symposium, Invited Presidential Session, Live Streamed. New York, April, 2018. Watch at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=mlnFbXDDQ2g&list=PLR4xr4hFYwOkiysB4sjjq-x3nwR8n0MRN&index=17&t=0s

Freedman, S. (2017). “Challenges and Approaches to People’s Engagement in Post-conflict Situations,” Expert Group Meeting on Integrating Sustainable Development and Peace in Post-conflict Situations: The Role of Public Institutions and Public Administration, The United Nations, New York, October.

Freedman, S., Barr, D., Besirevic, Z., Murphy, K. (2016). “Studies at the Intersection of Adolescent Civic and Academic Development,”Association for Moral Education, Cambridge, MA, December.

Freedman, S.W., Hull, G., Higgs, J., Booten, K. (2015). Pecha Kucha, “Writing Research,” American Educational Research Association, Chicago, April.

Freedman, S.W. (2015). “Literacy Civic Development,” Paper presented at Ohio State University, May 27. 

Freedman, S.W. (2014). “Learning to Write in a Digital and Global Age," Invited Keynote Speech, International Conference on Understanding and Dialogue: Education of Literature and Language in the Context of Globalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Freedman, S. W. (2013). "Legacies of Conflict: Adolescents in Divided Societies," Invited paper presented at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Freedman, S. W. (2013). “Considering the Moral Complexity of Adolescents in Divided Societies,” Invited paper presented at Seminar on Policy and Practice: Pedagogy about the Holocaust and Genocide, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University, Wooster, MA, April.

Freedman, S. W. (2012). “Teacher Research for the Professional Development of Language Teachers,” Invited Keynote Speech, English Language Teacher Education Summit, Bejing Normal University, Bejing, China, October (with Paul Lai)

Freedman, S.W., & Murphy, K. (2012). Narrating Social Divisions, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, December.

Freedman, S.W. (2010). Writing Research for the 21st Century. Presidential panel presentation at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Denver.

Freedman, S.W. (2009). "The Schools in Rwanda since the 1994 Genocide" Los Altos Morning Club, Los Altos, CA. 

Freedman, S.W. (2008). "Differentiating Instruction in the English Classroom: Rethinking Whole Class and Individualized Strategies." Keynote address at the annual meeting of the Hawaii Association of Teachers of English, Honolulu. 

Freedman, S.W. (2008). "The Schools in Rwanda since the 1994 Genocide." Paper presented Rotary Club, Palo Alto, CA. 

Freedman, S.W., & Samuelson, B. (2008). "Representing the Past in Public Spaces and Places: (Re)Shaping Political Ideology in Rwanda." Paper presented at conference on linguistic landscapes, Tel Aviv, Israel. 

OTHER SELECTED PAPERS
Freedman, S. W. (2011). “Developing Civic Actors in Divided Societies (DECIDES): Combining a Vygotskian and Bakhtinian Framework,” International Society for Cultural and Activity Research (ISCAR), Rome, Italy.
Freedman, S.W. (2010). Ideologial Becoming in Rwanda. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Denver.
Freedman, S.W. (2009). "Complexities of Conflict: Interactions between Politics and Teaching History in Rwanda." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego. 
Freedman, S.W., & Delp, V. (2006). "Students 'Latch On': Applications of Vygotskian and Bakhtinian Theories for Teaching and Learning in an Untracked English Class." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco. 
Freedman, S.W., & Appleman, D. (2006). "'Still Teaching After All These Years': The Effect Of A Cohort Induction Program On The Retention Of Urban Teachers." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
Freedman, S.W., Delp, V., & Crawford, S. (2006). "Conceptualizing a Whole-Class Learning Space: A Grand Dialogic Zone," Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council of Teachers of English, Nashville, TN

Interests and Professional Affiliations

Interests

Adolescence

American Educational Research Association

Civic Education

Classroom Discourse

Cognitive Development

Computer-Mediated Learning

Dialects

Diversity

Education of At-Risk Youth

English Education

International and comparative education

Language and literacy development

Language Development

Literacy

Multicultural Education

Qualitative research methods

Teacher Education

Teaching and learning

Teaching and Learning in Public Schools

Writing and Literacy

Writing and Literature

Sociocultural Theories of Learning and Development

Affiliations

  • National Academy of Education
  • National Council of Teachers of English
  • American Educational Research Association
  • National Conference on Language and Literacy

Cluster

Critical Studies of Race, Class, and Gender

Learning Sciences and Human Development

Social Research Methodologies

Topics

Degree(s)

1977 PhD, Education, Stanford University

1976 MA, Linguistics, Stanford University

1970 MA, English, The University of Chicago

Curriculum Vitae

PDF icon swfreedman.pdf

Contact

Email

freedman@berkeley.edu